Benchtop Multimeters Keithley 6220/2182A Delta Model System
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Description
The two-channel Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter is optimized for making stable, low noise voltage measurements and for characterizing low resistance materials and devices reliably and repeatably. It provides higher measurement speed and significantly better noise performance than alternative low voltage measurement solutions. It offers a simplified delta mode for making resistance measurements in combination with a reversing current source, such as the Model 6220 or 6221.
Features:
- 1nV sensitivity
- Typically just 15nVp-p noise at 1s response time, 40–50nV p-p noise at 60ms
- Dual channels
- Measurement cycle is synchronized to the power line AC cycle
- Built-in thermocouple linearization and cold junction compensation
- Built-in thermocouple linearization and cold junction compensation
- Optimized for use with Model 6220/6221 current sources
- Delta mode current reversal measurement technique when combined with the 6220 or 6221
- 2182A/6221 combination synchronizes signal pulses and measurements
Specifications:
GENERAL SPECIFICATION | |
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE | 250V rms, DC to 60Hz |
COMMON MODE ISOLATION | >10 9 Ω, <2nF |
SOURCE OUTPUT MODES | Fixed DC level, Memory List |
REMOTE INTERFACE | IEEE-488 and RS-232C. SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). DDC (command language compatible with Keithley Model 220). |
PASSWORD PROTECTION | 11 characters |
DIGITAL INTERFACE | |
Handler Interface | Start of test, end of test, 3 category bits, +5V@300mA supply |
Digital I/O | 1 trigger input, 4 TTL/Relay Drive outputs (33V@500mA, diode clamped) |
OUTPUT CONNECTIONS | Teflon insulated 3-lug triax connector for output. Banana safety jack for GUARD, OUTPUT LO. Screw terminal for CHASSIS. DB-9 connector for EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT, OUTPUT, and DIGITAL I/O. Two position screw terminal for INTERLOCK. |
INTERLOCK | Maximum 10Ω external circuit impedance |
POWER SUPPLY | 100V to 240V rms, 50–60Hz |
POWER CONSUMPTION | 120VA |
ENVIRONMENT | |
For Indoor Use Only | Maximum 2000m above sea level. |
Operating | 0°–50°C, 70%R.H. up to 35°C. Derate 3% R.H./°C, 35°–50°C. |
Storage | 0–25°C to 65°C, guaranteed by design |
EMC | Conforms to European Union Directive 89/336/EEC, EN 61326-1. |
SAFETY | Conforms to European Union Directive 73/23/EEC, EN61010-1. |
VIBRATION | MIL-PRF-28800F Class 3, Random. |
WARMUP | 1 hour to rated accuracies. |
Passive Cooling | No fan. |
DIMENSIONS | |
Rack Mounting | 89mm high × 213mm wide × 370mm deep (3.5 in. × 8.375 in. × 14.563 in.). |
Bench Configuration (with handle and feet) | 104mm high × 238mm wide × 370mm deep (4.125 in. × 9.375 in. × 14.563 in.). |
Keithley 2182A Digital Nanovoltmeter & Low Voltage Meters
GENERAL Specification | ||
POWER SUPPLY | 00V/120V/220V/240V | |
LINE FREQUENCY | 50Hz, 60Hz, and 400Hz, automatically sensed at power-up | |
POWER CONSUMPTION | 22VA | |
MAGNETIC FIELD DENSITY | 10mV range 4.0s response noise tested to 500 gauss | |
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT | Specified for 0° to 50°C. Specified to 80% RH at 35°C | |
STORAGE ENVIRONMENT | –40° to 70°C | |
EMC | Complies with European Union Directive 89/336/EEC (CE marking requirement), FCC part 15 class B, CISPR 11, IEC 801-2, IEC-801-3, IEC 801-4. | |
SAFETY | Complies with European Union Directive 73/23/EEC (low voltage directive); meets EN61010-1 safety standard. Installation category I | |
VIBRATION | MIL-T-28800E Type III, Class 5 | |
WARM-UP | 2.5 hours to rated accuracy | |
DIMENSIONS | Rack Mounting | 89mm high × 213mm wide × 370mm deep (3.5 in × 8.375 in × 14.563 in). |
Bench Configuration (with handles and feet) | 104mm high × 238mm wide × 370mm deep (4.125 in × 9.375 in ×14.563 in) | |
SHIPPING WEIGHT | 5kg (11 lbs) | |
Measurement Characteristics | ||
A/D LINEARITY | ±(0.8ppm of reading + 0.5ppm of range) | |
FRONT AUTOZERO OFF ERROR | 10mV–10V | Add ±(8ppm of range + 500µV) for <10 minutes and ±1°C |
NOTE | Offset voltage error does not apply for Delta Mode | |
AUTOZERO OFF ERROR | 10mV | Add ±(8ppm of range + 100nV) for <10 minutes and ±1°C |
100mV–100V | Add ±(8ppm of range + 10µV) for <10 minutes and ±1°C | |
NOTE | Offset voltage error does not apply for Delta Mode | |
INPUT IMPEDANCE | 10mV–10V | >10GΩ, in parallel with <1.5nF (Front Filter ON) |
10mV–10V | >10GΩ, in parallel with <0.5nF (Front Filter OFF) | |
100V | 10MΩ ±1% | |
DC INPUT BIAS CURRENT | <60pA DC at 23°C, –10V to 5V. <120pA @ 23°C, 5V to 10V | |
COMMON MODE CURRENT | <50nA p-p at 50Hz or 60Hz | |
INPUT PROTECTION | 150V peak to any terminal. 70V peak Channel 1 LO to Channel 2 LO | |
CHANNEL ISOLATION | >10GΩ | |
EARTH ISOLATION | >350V peak, >10GΩ and <150pF any terminal to earth. Add 35pF/ft with Model 2107 Low Thermal Input Cable | |
Analog Output | ||
MAXIMUM OUTPUT | ±1.2V | |
ACCURACY | ±(0.1% of output + 1mV) | |
OUTPUT RESISTANCE | 1kO ±5% | |
GAIN | Adjustable from 10 –9 to 10 6 . With gain set to 1, a full range input will produce a 1V output | |
OUTPUT REL | Selects the value of input that represents 0V at output. The reference value can be either programmed value or the value of the previous input | |
Triggering and Memory | ||
WINDOW FILTER SENSITIVITY | 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, or full scale of range (none) | |
READING HOLD SENSITIVITY | 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, or 10% of reading | |
TRIGGER DELAY | 0 to 99 hours (1ms step size) | |
EXTERNAL TRIGGER DELAY | 2ms + <1ms jitter with auto zero off, trigger delay = 0 | |
MEMORY SIZE | 1024 readings | |
Math Functions | ||
Rel, Min/Max/Average/Std Dev/Peak-to-Peak (of stored reading), Limit Test, %, and mX+b with user-defined units displayed. | ||
Remote Interface | ||
Keithley 182 emulation. GPIB (IEEE-488.2) and RS-232C. SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). |
Volts Specifications (20% over range) | |||||||
CONDITIONS: 1PLC with 10 reading digital filter or 5PLC with 2 reading digital filter. | |||||||
Channel 1 | |||||||
Range | Resolution | Input Resistance | Accuracy: ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per million) (e.g., 10ppm = 0.001%) | Temperature Coefficient 0°–18°C & 28°–50°C | |||
24 Hour TCAL ±1°C | 90 Day T CAL ±5°C | 1 Year T CAL ±5°C | 2 Year T CAL ±5°C | ||||
10.000000mV | 1nV | >10GΩ | 20+4 | 40+4 | 50+4 | 60+4 | (1 + 0.5) /°C |
100.00000mV | 10nV | >10GΩ | 10+3 | 25+3 | 30+4 | 40+5 | (1 + 0.2) /°C |
1.0000000V | 100nV | >10GΩ | 7+2 | 18+2 | 25+2 | 32+3 | (1 + 0.1) /°C |
10.000000V | 1µV | >10GΩ | 2+1 | 18+2 | 25+2 | 32+3 | (1 + 0.1) /°C |
100.00000V | 10µV | 10MΩ±1% | 10+3 | 25+3 | 35+4 | 52+5 | (1 + 0.5) /°C |
Channel 2 | |||||||
100.00000mV | 10nV | >10 GΩ | 10+6 | 25+6 | 30+7 | 40+7 | (1 + 1) /°C |
1.0000000V | 100nV | >10 GΩ | 7+2 | 18+2 | 25+2 | 32+3 | (1 + 0.5) /°C |
10.000000V | 1µV | >10 GΩ | 2+1 | 18+2 | 25+2 | 32+3 | (1 + 0.5) /°C |
CHANNEL 1/CHANNEL 2 RATIO | For input signals =1% of the range, Ratio Accuracy = ±{[Channel 1 ppm of Reading + Channel 1 ppm of Range * (Channel 1 Range/Channel 1 Input)] + [Channel 2 ppm of Reading + Channel 2 ppm of Range * (Channel 2 Range/Channel 2 Input)]}. | ||||||
DELTA (hardware-triggered coordination with Series 24XX, Series 26XXA, or Series 622X current sources for low noise R measurement) | Accuracy = accuracy of selected Channel 1 range plus accuracy of I source range. | ||||||
DELTA MEASUREMENT NOISE WITH 6220 or 6221 | Typical 3nVrms / Hz (10mV range) 21 . 1Hz achieved with 1PLC, delay = 1ms, RPT filter = 23 (20 if 50Hz) | ||||||
PULSE-MODE (WITH 6221) | Line synchronized voltage measurements within current pulses from 50µs to 12ms, pulse repetition rate up to 12Hz. | ||||||
PULSE MEASUREMENT NOISE (typical rms noise, R DUT <10Ω) | ±(0.009ppm of range*) / meas_time / pulse_avg_count + 3nV** / (2 · meas_time · pulse_avg_count) for 10mV range. | ||||||
* 0.0028ppm for the 100mV range, 0.0016ppm for ranges 1V and above. ** 8nV/ Hz for ranges above 10mV . meas_time (seconds) = pulsewidth – pulse_meas_delay in 33µs incr. |
DC Noise Performance (DC noise expressed in volts peak-to-peak) | ||||||||
Response time = time required for reading to be settled within noise levels from a stepped input, 60Hz operation. | ||||||||
Channel 1 | ||||||||
Response Time | NPLC, Filter | 10 mV | 100 mV | Range 1 V | 10 V | 100 V | NMRR | CMRR |
25.0 s | 5, 75 | 6 nV | 20 nV | 75 nV | 750 nV | 75 µV | 110 dB | 140 dB |
4.0 s | 5, 10 | 15 nV | 50 nV | 150 nV | 1.5 µV | 75 µV | 100 dB | 140 dB |
1.0 s | 1, 18 | 25 nV | 175 nV | 600 nV | 2.5 µV | 100 µV | 95 dB | 140 dB |
667 ms | 1, 10 or 5, 2 | 35 nV | 250 nV | 650 nV | 3.3 µV | 150 µV | 90 dB | 140 dB |
60 ms | 1, Off | 70 nV | 300 nV | 700 nV | 6.6 µV | 300 µV | 60 dB | 140 dB |
Channel 2 | ||||||||
25.0 s | 5, 75 | 150 nV | 200 nV | 750 nV | 110 dB | 140 dB | ||
4.0 s | 5, 10 | 150 nV | 200 nV | 1.5 µV | 100 dB | 140 dB | ||
1.0 s | 1, 10 or 5, 2 | 175 nV | 400 nV | 2.5 µV | 90 dB | 140 dB | ||
85 ms | 1, Off | 425 nV | 1 µV | 9.5 µV | 60 dB | 140 dB |
VOLTAGE NOISE VS. SOURCE RESISTANCE (DC noise expressed in volts peak-to-peak) | |||
Source Resistance | Noise | Analog Filter | Digital Filter |
0 Ω | 6 nV | Off | 100 |
100 Ω | 8 nV | Off | 100 |
1 kΩ | 15 nV | Off | 100 |
10 kΩ | 35 nV | Off | 100 |
100 kΩ | 100 nV | On | 100 |
1 MΩ | 350 nV | On | 100 |
TEMPERATURE (Thermocouples) (Displayed in °C, °F, or K. Accuracy based on ITS-90, exclusive of thermocouple errors.) | |||
TYPE | RANGE | RESOLUTION | ACCURACY 90 Day/1 Year 23° ±5°C Relative to Simulated Reference Junction |
J | –200 to + 760°C | 0.001 °C | ±0.2 °C |
K | –200 to + 1372 °C | 0.001 °C | ±0.2 °C |
N | –200 to + 1300 °C | 0.001 °C | ±0.2 °C |
T | –200 to + 400 °C | 0.001 °C | ±0.2 °C |
E | –200 to + 1000 °C | 0.001 °C | ±0.2 °C |
R | 0 to + 1768 °C | 0.1 °C | ±0.2 °C |
S | 0 to + 1768 °C | 0.1 °C | ±0.2 °C |
B | +350 to + 1820 °C | 0.1 °C | ±0.2 °C |
Operating Characteristics 60Hz (50Hz) Operation | |||
Function | Digits | Readings/s | PLCs |
DCV Channel 1, Channel 2, Thermocouple | 7.5 | 3 (2) | 5 |
7.5 | 6 (4) | 5 | |
6.5 | 18 (15) | 1 | |
6.5 | 45 (36) | 1 | |
5.5 | 80 (72) | 0.1 | |
4.5 | 115 (105) | 0.01 | |
Channel 1/Channel 2 (Ratio), Delta with 24XX, Scan | 7.5 | 1.5 (1.3) | 5 |
7.5 | 2.3 (2.1) | 5 | |
6.5 | 8.5 (7.5) | 1 | |
6.5 | 20 (16) | 1 | |
5.5 | 30 (29) | 0.1 | |
4.5 | 41 (40) | 0.01 | |
Delta with 622X | 6.5 | 47 (40.0) | 1 |
System Speeds | |
RANGE CHANGE TIME | <40 ms (<50 ms) |
FUNCTION CHANGE TIME | <45 ms (<55 ms) |
AUTORANGE TIME | <60 ms (<70 ms) |
ASCII READING TO RS-232 (19.2K Baud) | 40/s (40/s) |
MAX. INTERNAL TRIGGER RATE | 120/s (120/s) |
MAX. EXTERNAL TRIGGER RATE | 120/s (120/s) |
Accessories
- 2107-30 Low-Thermal Input Cable
9.1m (30 ft) length input cable. Terminated with a LEMO connector on one end and four copper spade lugs on the other. - 2182-KIT Low-Thermal Connector with Strain Relief
Connector kit for building a custom input cable for the 2182A. Includes a low-thermal (EMO) connector and a strain relief. - 2187-4 Low Thermal Test Lead Kit
Includes an input cable with banana terminations, banana extensions, spring-hook clips, alligator clips, needle probes, and spade lugs. - 4288-1 Rack Mount Kit
Single-unit rack mount kit. Height: 88mm (3-1/2 in) - 4288-2 Rack Mount Kit
Dual-unit rack mount kit. Height: 88mm (3-1/2 in) - 7078-TRX-5 Triax Cable
3 Slot Low Noise, 5 ft. (1.5 m)
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